Essay on benefits of meditation, why volunteer essay informative essay prompts fsa, essay on eloquent que significa essay en castellano, george washington university mba essays long essay on environmental degradation case western reserve essays waiting for the barbarians essay Feb 18, · The world population has grown tremendously over the past 2, years. In , the world population passed the six-billion mark. By February , the official world population had jumped over the seven-billion mark to an estimated billion, according to Worldometers, a world statics website operated by an international team of developers, researchers, and volunteers The domain blogger.com may be for sale. Please send an inquiry to info@blogger.com
Current World Population and Future Projections
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events, the word pollution generally implies that the contaminants have an anthropogenic source—that is, a source created by human activities.
Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Inpollution killed 9 million people worldwide. Major forms of pollution include air pollutionlight pollutionlitternoise pollutionenvironmental degradation essay, plastic pollutionenvironmental degradation essay, soil contaminationradioactive contaminationthermal pollutionvisual pollutionand water pollution.
The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them:. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water, or soil, environmental degradation essay. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical nature, the concentration, the area affected and the persistence. Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made anthropogenic sources. However, globally human-made pollutants from combustion, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation.
Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution. Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plantscoal-fired power plantsoil refineriesenvironmental degradation essay, [10] petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.
Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include clear felling and burning of natural vegetation as well as spraying of pesticides and herbicides [11]. About million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year. Some of the more common soil contaminants are chlorinated hydrocarbons CFHheavy metals such as chromiumenvironmental degradation essay, cadmium — found in rechargeable batteriesand lead — found in lead paintaviation fuel and still in some countries, gasolineMTBEenvironmental degradation essayarsenic and benzene, environmental degradation essay.
In a series of press reports culminating in a book called Fateful Harvest unveiled a widespread practice of recycling industrial byproducts into fertilizer, environmental degradation essay, resulting in environmental degradation essay contamination of the soil with various metals. Ordinary municipal landfills are the source of many chemical substances entering the soil environment and often groundwaterenvironmental degradation essay from the wide variety of refuse accepted, especially substances illegally discarded there, or from pre landfills that may have been subject to little control in the U.
or EU. There have also been some unusual releases of polychlorinated dibenzodioxinscommonly called dioxins for simplicity, such as TCDD. Pollution can also be the consequence of a natural disaster. For example, environmental degradation essay often involve water contamination from sewage, and petrochemical spills from ruptured boats or automobiles.
Larger scale and environmental damage is not uncommon environmental degradation essay coastal oil rigs or refineries are involved. Some sources of pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil tankerscan produce widespread and potentially hazardous releases when accidents occur, environmental degradation essay. In the case of noise pollution the dominant source class is the motor vehicleproducing about ninety percent of all unwanted noise worldwide, environmental degradation essay.
Carbon dioxideenvironmental degradation essay, while vital for photosynthesisis sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the Earth's climate. Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air.
Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean watersand environmental degradation essay possible effects of this on marine ecosystems. In Februarya report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCCrepresenting the work of 2, scientists, economists, and policymakers from more than countries, confirmed that humans have been the primary cause of global warming since Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, environmental degradation essay, a major climate report concluded, environmental degradation essay.
But to change the environmental degradation essay, the transition from fossil fuels like coal and oil needs to occur within decades, according to the final report this year from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC. Adverse air quality can kill many organisms, including humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory diseasecardiovascular diseaseenvironmental degradation essay inflammation, environmental degradation essay, chest pain, and congestion.
Water pollution causes approximately 14, deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, [26] [27] Over ten million people in India fell ill with waterborne illnesses inand 1, people died, most of them children.
Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing losshigh blood pressurestressand sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms. Older people are majorly exposed to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems.
Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects. An October study by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soils and workplaces, kills nine million people annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence.
Pollution has been found to be present widely in the environment. There are a number of effects of this:. The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program TEHIP [35] at the United States National Library of Medicine NLM maintains a comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site that includes access to resources produced by TEHIP and by other government agencies and organizations.
This web site includes links to databases, bibliographies, tutorials, and other scientific and consumer-oriented resources. TEHIP also is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network TOXNET [36] an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases that are available free of charge on the web. TOXMAP is a Geographic Information System GIS that is part of TOXNET.
TOXMAP uses maps of the United States to help users visually explore data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency 's EPA Toxics Release Inventory and Superfund Basic Research Programs. A environmental degradation essay found that exposure to pollution causes an increase in violent crime. A paper linked pollution to adverse school outcomes for children. A number of studies show that environmental degradation essay has an adverse effect on the productivity of both indoor and outdoor workers.
To protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution, environmental degradation essay. Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil.
Without pollution control, environmental degradation essay, the waste products from overconsumptionheating, environmental degradation essay, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment.
In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control. In the field of land developmentlow impact development is a similar technique for the prevention of urban runoff. Pollution has a cost. A manufacturing activity that causes air pollution is an example of a negative externality in production. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of externalization is involved.
If there are external benefits, such as in public safetyenvironmental degradation essay, less of the good may environmental degradation essay produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others.
However, goods and services that involve negative externalities in production, such as those that produce pollution, tend to be over-produced and underpriced since the externality is not being priced into the market. Pollution can also create costs for the firms producing the pollution.
Sometimes environmental degradation essay choose, or are forced by regulation, to reduce the amount of pollution that they are producing. The associated costs of doing this are called abatement costs, or marginal abatement costs if measured by each additional unit. The Pure Earthan international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries.
Below is the list for [51]. A report by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and GRAIN says that the meat and dairy industries are poised to surpass the oil industry as the world's worst polluters. Pure Earth issues an annual list of some of the world's worst polluted places. Below is the list for [53]. Society derives some indirect utility from pollution, otherwise there would be no incentive to pollute.
This utility comes from the consumption of goods and environmental degradation essay that create pollution. Therefore, it is important that policymakers attempt to balance these indirect benefits with the costs of pollution in order to achieve an efficient outcome.
It is possible to use environmental economics to determine which level of pollution is deemed the social optimum. At this environmental degradation essay the damage of one extra unit of pollution to society, the marginal cost of pollution, is exactly equal to the marginal benefit of consuming one more unit of the good or service. In markets environmental degradation essay pollution, or other negative externalities in production, the free market equilibrium will not account for the costs of pollution on society, environmental degradation essay.
If the social costs of pollution are higher than the private costs incurred by the firm, then the true supply curve will be higher. The point at which the social marginal cost and market demand intersect gives the socially optimal level of pollution. At this point, the quantity will be lower and the price will be higher in comparison to the free market equilibrium. This model can be used environmental degradation essay a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality.
Some examples include tariffsa carbon tax and cap and trade systems. Environmental degradation essay earliest precursor of pollution generated by life forms would have been a natural function of their existence. The attendant consequences on viability and population levels fell within the sphere of natural selection. These would have included the demise of a population locally or ultimately, species extinction. Processes environmental degradation essay were untenable would have resulted in a new balance brought about by changes and adaptations.
At the extremes, for environmental degradation essay form of life, consideration of pollution is superseded by that of survival. For humankind, the factor of technology is a distinguishing and critical consideration, both as an environmental degradation essay and an additional source of byproducts. Short of survival, human concerns include the range from quality of life to health hazards.
Since science holds experimental demonstration to be definitive, modern treatment of toxicity or environmental harm involves defining a level at which an effect is observable. Common examples of fields where practical measurement is crucial include automobile emissions controlenvironmental degradation essay exposure e.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA PELstoxicology e. LD 50and medicine e. medication and radiation doses. But it assumes that the diluent is in virtually unlimited supply for the application or that resulting dilutions are acceptable in all cases. Such simple treatment for environmental pollution on a wider scale might have had greater merit in earlier centuries when physical survival was often the highest imperative, human population and densities were lower, technologies were simpler and their byproducts more benign.
But these are often no longer the case. Furthermore, advances have enabled measurement of concentrations not possible before.
environmental degradation
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Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.. Although environmental pollution can be caused Feb 18, · The world population has grown tremendously over the past 2, years. In , the world population passed the six-billion mark. By February , the official world population had jumped over the seven-billion mark to an estimated billion, according to Worldometers, a world statics website operated by an international team of developers, researchers, and volunteers The domain blogger.com may be for sale. Please send an inquiry to info@blogger.com
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